Legal Term Glossary

Understanding legal terminology made simple. Browse our AI-generated definitions of common legal terms in plain English.

Affidavit

A written statement sworn under oath for use as evidence in court.

Court

Plaintiff

The person who brings a lawsuit against another party.

Court

Defendant

The person being sued or accused in a court of law.

Court

Subpoena

A legal order requiring someone to appear in court or produce documents.

Court

Jurisdiction

The authority of a court to hear and decide a case.

Court

Motion

A formal request asking a judge to make a decision on a specific issue.

Court

Default Judgment

A court ruling in favor of one party when the other fails to respond.

Court

Due Process

The constitutional right to fair legal proceedings.

Court

Discovery

The pre-trial process of gathering evidence from the opposing party.

Court

Deposition

Sworn testimony taken outside of court as part of discovery.

Court

Settlement

An agreement to resolve a dispute without going to trial.

Court

Injunction

A court order requiring someone to do or stop doing something.

Court

Eviction Notice

A written notice requiring a tenant to leave the property.

Property

Lease Agreement

A contract between landlord and tenant for renting property.

Property

Security Deposit

Money held by landlord to cover potential damages or unpaid rent.

Property

Subletting

Renting all or part of a rental property to another person.

Property

Habitability

The legal requirement that rental property be fit for human occupation.

Property

Month-to-Month Tenancy

A rental arrangement that automatically renews each month.

Property

Quiet Enjoyment

A tenant's right to use their rental property without unreasonable interference.

Property

Notice to Quit

A formal demand that a tenant leave the property.

Property

Rent Control

Laws that limit how much landlords can charge for rent.

Property

Foreclosure

The legal process of taking back property when mortgage payments aren't made.

Property

Contract

A legally binding agreement between two or more parties.

Contract

Breach of Contract

Failure to fulfill the terms of a legally binding agreement.

Contract

Consideration

Something of value exchanged in a contract (money, services, goods).

Contract

Void Contract

An agreement that has no legal force from the beginning.

Contract

Voidable Contract

A contract that can be legally cancelled by one of the parties.

Contract

Non-Disclosure Agreement

A contract requiring parties to keep certain information confidential.

Contract

Liquidated Damages

Pre-agreed compensation amount if a contract is broken.

Contract

Force Majeure

Unforeseeable circumstances that prevent fulfilling a contract.

Contract

Assignment

Transferring contractual rights or obligations to another party.

Contract

Custody

Legal responsibility for caring for a minor child.

Family

Child Support

Regular payments made by a non-custodial parent for child expenses.

Family

Alimony

Financial support paid by one spouse to another after separation or divorce.

Family

Divorce Decree

The final court order that legally ends a marriage.

Family

Legal Separation

A court-approved arrangement for spouses to live apart while remaining married.

Family

Prenuptial Agreement

A contract signed before marriage outlining property and financial arrangements.

Family

Visitation Rights

Court-ordered time a non-custodial parent can spend with their child.

Family

At-Will Employment

Employment that can be terminated by either party at any time without cause.

Employment

Wrongful Termination

Firing an employee for illegal reasons (discrimination, retaliation, etc.).

Employment

Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome sexual conduct that affects working conditions or employment.

Employment

Workers' Compensation

Insurance providing medical benefits for work-related injuries.

Employment

Non-Compete Agreement

A contract preventing employees from working for competitors after leaving.

Employment

Overtime Pay

Extra compensation for working more than standard hours (usually over 40/week).

Employment

Whistleblower Protection

Legal safeguards for employees who report illegal workplace activities.

Employment

Miranda Rights

Warnings police must give suspects before questioning (right to remain silent, etc.).

Criminal

Probable Cause

Reasonable belief that a crime has been committed.

Criminal

Bail

Money paid to secure release from jail while awaiting trial.

Criminal

Plea Bargain

An agreement where defendant pleads guilty to lesser charges.

Criminal

Misdemeanor

A minor criminal offense, usually punishable by less than one year in jail.

Criminal

Felony

A serious criminal offense, usually punishable by more than one year in prison.

Criminal

Restraining Order

A court order prohibiting someone from contacting or approaching another person.

Criminal

Green Card

Document showing permanent resident status in the United States.

Immigration

Visa

Permission to enter and stay in a country for a specific purpose and time.

Immigration

Deportation

The formal removal of a non-citizen from a country.

Immigration

Asylum

Protection granted to people fleeing persecution in their home country.

Immigration

Naturalization

The process by which a non-citizen becomes a citizen.

Immigration

DACA

Program protecting certain immigrants brought to US as children from deportation.

Immigration

Legal Categories

Landlord-Tenant

Employment

Immigration

Family Law

Criminal Law

Contracts

Small Claims

More Areas

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